Head mechanism for operating heddles in plain looms



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y G. FISH i amm MEGHAMSM ma OPERATING HEDDLES 1N PLAIN Looms Filed Nov. :5, 192sA snee l rz n All nl 4 sheets-she'et s Si Q( QN, SN. NN v uw NNN SV NQ Q nu um .m NWN Nm NN Y ,Inventor by 7111s o 111163 G. FESH ned Nov al 192s a WTV HEAD Mscmrsu FoR 'OPERATING H'DDLES IN PLAIN LooMs Sept.- 22, l1925) G. FISH v HEAD FOR OPERATING HEDDLES IN PLAIN LOO'MS vFiled Nv. s, 19.23 4 sheets-sheet 4 il" j. l

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/ I E V Patented Sept. 22, 1925.

UNITED S TAT E S GLADSTONE FISH, OF FALL RIVER? MASSACHUSETTS.

HEAD MECHANI'SM FOR OPERATING HEDDLES IN PLAINLOOMS. l

Application filed November 3, 1923. Serial' No. 672,556.

`To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, GLADsrroNE FISH, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Fall River, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Head Mechanism forOperating I-Ieddles in Plain Looms, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. i

`The principal object ofmy invention is to produce a simple, positively operated mechanism, that can, when desired, be easily, quickly and cheaply substituted for the cammechanism operating the heddles of a plainlooni; the result being a loom that can weave plain cotton cloth or, for example, a marquilsette, i. e. a leno-weave completed in two 1c s, p It is well known that marquisettefabric is commonly manufactured upon dobbylooms, and that it cannot be made upon a plain-loom; though there are various loom makers who have special appliances which may be incorporated in their respective looms for thev purpose of making lenoweaving a 16-pick weave, and, if used toA weave marquisette, it means the use of com plicated mechanism, having capacity for great variety of weaves, absolutely not needed in a two-pick leno-weave.

Still further, as the dobby has a nonpositive motion, it frequently mispicks.

Now by means of my invention, I provide simple apparatus that maybe incorporated in a plain-loom without much change in the loom, to operate successfully in the production of, say, marquisette, and Ido so by eliminating the various parts of the dobby-head between the main lever of the dobby and the harnesses, and substituting therefor the various features of my invention, whereby may be successfully operated the number of heddles required in a only two picks to complete the weave.

In the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the best structure now known to me embodying ythe same,

`plain-weave, or in a .leno-weave requiring Y F ig. 1 is an elevation of my invention as Fig. 2, however, also showing the doupheddles omitted from Fig. 1. t y

Fig. 11j is-an'enlarged detail ofthe hari nesses and heddles,1showng in cross section one pairlof doup-harnesses withtheir lifting heddles and doup-heddles, and doup and ground warp-ends in open shed formation; the rear lifting heddle and doup-heddle being raised, and vground heddle loweredyalso brokenoff` sectionkof open shed, and marquisette.

Fig. 5 indicatesthe position assumed by thel doup andvground ends, when the` shed is closed; 'while 1 v 1 Fig. 6 shows the shed formed by the doupend and the ground-end, when the front lifting heddle anddoup-heddle are raised and the doup-heddle is vloweredvto form the next open shed with thejdoup-end on theside of the ground warp end-opposite to that shown in Fig.` 4, alsoa brokenoffl section of open shed andmarquisette. c

Fig. 71is jan-exaggerated, very much enlarged' section of marquisette, to make plain its weave; i i

`A plain-loom` frame 1,'Fig. "1, has mounted thereon, the usual crank-shaftQ and camshaft 3, the" former .driving the latter throughgears4, 5,"the gear 4being,jin diameter, one-half ythat of gear 5.

A T-rock lever 6 is jpivoted at its crossing, to the frame 1, while the free end portion of the cam-shaft 3 is provided"V with a crank 8, which,by;means of a pump rod 9, is connected to the free end portion'of the trunk 10, of the T lever. 11 and the bottom arm 12 of the T lever each have a short bar 13, 14, projecting sidewise therefrom,and over these are bent variousheavy'steel wires 15, 16, 17, 18,` 19, 20, Figs. 1 and 3, which, in turn, are hooked into The top arm p various 'leather straps`2l, 22 2,4, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29; 30, 3l, 32 passing overftheirv respective sheaves 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,

41, 42, 43, 44, mounted: upQnfbhe.: 100,111, @mehr and connecting withl their respective harnesses 45, 46, 47,48, 49, 50, FigAAV 2;

From front to back, see Figs. 2, 3 and 4, there are the two pair ofdou-p-lilfting harnesses 45, 46, and 47, 48; and two selvage harnesses 49, 50, and one ground harness 51', the latter being operatedby a jumpery mechanism later to'be described.

- 7 The firstl and third'l doup-lifting harnesses and 47; and theA first sely'age harness 49 are 15 connected to their respective stacks and hookedwires, to the short bar 14 on the `bott-om arm `'l2y ofthe T`rock lever; while the second and the fourth doup-lifting harnesses and second selvagefharness Vare connected through theiry Arespective straps and'hooked wires ,to thelshort 'bar lf3 on the top arm ll/of'the'T-rock lever. Each of these harnesses together with the ground harness, has a spring` connection with the Hoor.

Each pair` of doupv'harnesses, as 45 andl 46, Figs. 2 and 4', has doup liftingv heddles 70, 7l,v in each harness, connected together by U-shaped doup hed'dl'es 72, that, like the harneSses, are connected through their frames 73, 74, andsprings to the floor. A reference to Figs. 4', 5"and 6 will make their construction plain. ynach doup end75- passes through an eye 76 in the doup-heddle 72 and between the lifting heddles 70', 71, while the groundV end y77 of the warp simply passes between the liftingheddles after having passedthrough its `heddle, in the ground harness 5l,

vI will' now describe how the harnesses operatedas above described, cause the lifting doup-heddles, doup-heddles yand grou-nd hedd'les to cross-,weave the doup and the ground ends and make marquisette.

Starting, for example, n with the liftingheddles 7 3, 74, and doupI heddle v7 2, as shownl in' Fig. 5, the shed being closed, the `rear lifting harness 46, and its heddle 70, Fig. 4, are raised in the manner just explained', the doup-heddle with doup-end 75 passing up b 1 the near side ofl the descending 0'round d .a n,

end-77 contro-lledby the ground harness 51,

and weaving, after pickiilling 78what isi shown in Fig. 4 and;Fig.7, at After, the pick filling 78, the liftingheddle and the doupl-heddle 72 and'- groundt heddle` return to the position of closed' shed; as in Fig. 5, Fig. 7, at-y. Next, thefront lifting` harness 45y and heddle7l, auddoup-heddle 72 being lifted4 at. z, Fig. Flon the off 'side ofthe groundv end 77 which descends as shown inV Figs; 6 and 7,and 'puttingfinA a twist 1, form anew shed; rl-he next pick 79 following,v the above describedr crossings are repeated;'the doup-end 7 5 always being cn top/of the shed, and;v the ground'pwarp end 77 g on the bottom; with a whole twist in the warp ends in one direction, and then aL-wholetwist in the opposite direction, after each filling pick; a marquisette or lenoweave resulting.

I will now describe the jumper, and the slackener apparatus which are employed in -making marquisette, for example. A jumprock-shaft 52, supported on the arch of the" frame, has a pair of arms 53, 54, which are connected by iron rods to the top ofthe f ground harness 51. To impart motion to the rockshaft, there is a crank 57 and the adaptation of the jumper end. the slackener of' a dobby-loomI to a plain-loom, that the doup-end rod and the ground' harnesshave` operative connections that1 are rigidl rather than flexible,A as iron linksvrather than leather straps ;r and that the slackener is operatedl bythe crank-shaftl rather than byL the vcam-shaft; the substitutionl of1 a` rigidi for a strap connection for the ground: har# ness, andr for the doupend-rod, beingy the second` feature of my invention; whilethe-` third featuremay'be said torresid'e in operating theslackener through the'cra-nk-shaft, rather than the camshaft, as -is ordinarily done in a dobby-loom. v g v From the abovedescript-ion, and fromthe v assumptionspreviously made, as to omitted' elements ofthe loom, it. will be understood; that the loom is ready for operation to weave marquisette.

The loom is started; The crank-Shaft 2, Figs. 2- and 3, revolves once in` each halfl revolution of the camfshaft 3, by reason` of' the gears 4 and5, that is, the proper shed is formed* for each pick by eachhalf revolution 'of the camshaft and by eachy complete revolution of the crank-shaft;` that is tol say, one-half revolution of thecam-shaft 3 causes the pump-rod 9 and the 'IT-,rocklever to move in one direction, so that, for

example, the first andy third, doup lifting vharness 45 and 47, and the first selxiageharness 49, connected to the. lowerarrn l4-.of2 the. T-rock-lever., through the hooked wire; rods, and leather straps passing oven their respectivestreams, are drawnidown-by their weight. and` the springs rto form, the closed shed, Fig. 5; while the secondi andfourth,

doup harness 46 and 48 and the second selvage harness 5()7 connected to the top arm 13 of said lever through the hooked wire rods and leather straps passing over their respective sheaves, are raised from closed shed to their top position or open shed; and upon the next half revolution of the camshaft 3 the T-rock-lever moves in an opposite direction, causing the doup lifting harnesses to reversetheir movements, and vice versa, for each succeeding half revolution.

But while these doup lifting harnesses are thus opera-ting from bottom or closed shed to top or open shed, or vice versa, the ground harness 51 is raised and lowered through the action of the crank-shaft 2, revolving twice as fast as the cam-shaft 3; each revolution of the crank-shaft causing the jumprod 59 to oscillate the jump-rock-shaft 52 and the arms 53 and 54, and the iron rods 55 and 5G supporting the ground harness 51; so that the ground harness rises and falls to open `shed and closed shed positions, during each up and each down movement of the doup lifting harnesses, and the selvage harnesses. But each vibration of the jump-rock-.shaft moves the rock-arm 65, link 66 and doup-end arm 64 and rod GO, pivotally supported by the links 6l and 62, pivoted to the frame 63, thereby causing no strain upon the doupends, due to their crossings of the ground ends brought about by the doup lifting harnesses.

In fine, the above-described apparatus will weave a marquisette, by interlacing the doup and the ground ends of the Warp, previous to each pick, and, at the same time, operating mechanism, to give a bit of slack to the doup ends as they are raised by the doup harnesses.

That this plain-loom, provided with my invention, may weave a plain-weave, obviously all that is required is that the jumper and the slackener mechanism, together with the ground harness, shall be disconnected from the crank-shaft; and proper harnesses substituted for the doup and selvage harnesses, and connected to the T-rock-lever by properly selected wires and straps.

In conclusion, the above-described apparatus embodying my invention, is simple in structure, and small in cost of manufacture; is positive in its motions, and enables a plain-loom to weave a plain-weave or a lenoweave requiring only two picks.

Desiring to protect my invention in the broadest manner legally possible.

What I claim is:

1. In a plain-loom, a cam-shaft; a crank on said cam-shaft; a T-rock-lever; a pumprod connecting the trunk of the T-lever and the crank on the cam-shaft; harnesses, including a ground harness; sheaves; wires and straps, supported by their respective sheaves, connecting the top arm and the bottom arm of the T-lever, with its respective harnesses; a jumper mechanism comprising a jump-rock-shaft; a pair' of rock-arms on said rock-shaft; a rod connecting each of said .rock-arms to said ground-harness; a slackener mechanism comprising a doup-end rod; a link at each end of said doup-end rod, pivoted to said rod and to said frame; an operating arm fixed to said jump-rockshaft; an arm .on said doup-end-rod; a link to connect said arms; a crank-shaft operatively connected to the cam-shaft; a crank on said crank-shaft; a driving arm on said jump-rock-shaft; and a jump-rod connecting said crank on said crank-shaft and said driving arm on said jump-rock-shaft; all designed to weave leno-weaves that may be completed in two picks.

2. In a plain-loom, jumper mechanism comprising a jump-rock-shaft; a pair of rock-arms on said jump-rock-shaft; a ground harness; a rigid rod connecting each of said jump-rock-arms to said groundharness; a slackener mechanism comprising a doup-end-rod; a link at each end of said doup-end-rod, pivoted to said rod and to the frame of the loom; an operating arm fixed to said jump-rock-shaft; an arm on said doup-end-rod; a link to connect said arms; a crank-shaft operatively connected to the cam-shaft; a crank on .said crank-shaft; a driving-arm on said jump-rock-shaft; and a jump-rod connecting said crank on said crank-shaft and said driving arm on said jump-rock-shaft; all designed for use in Weaving leno-weaves that may be completed in two picks.

3. In a plain-loom, a slackener comprising a rock-shaft; an arm on said shaft; a doupend-rod; a link at each end of said doupend-rod pivoted to said rod and to the frame of the loom; an arm fixed to said doup-endrod; a link connecting the free end of said arm and the arm on said rock-shaft; a crank-shaft; an arm on said shaft; an arm on said rock-shaft;rand a driving rod to connectvsaid two latter arms; all designed to give positive vibrations to the doup-endrod, when embodied in a plain-loom, for weaving leno-weaves that may be completed in two picks. Y

In testimony whereof I hereunto aiiX my signature.

` GLADSTONE FISH. 

